单词很忙

Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space. Space Policy Directive-3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space.

This policy sets the stage for the department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space. The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don’t use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites, and schedule when such new satellites can be launched. This only applies to American space activities, but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world.

Space, especially the space directly around our planet, is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites. One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations ( 星 座 ), comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them. With so much stuff in space, and a limited area around our planet, the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision. Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more out-of-control bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space.

And it’s not like this hasn’t happened before. In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite, creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk. Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24,000 objects in space, and in 2016 the Air force had to issue 3,995,874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris.

That’s why this new policy also includes directions to update the current U.S. Government Orbital Debris Mitigation standard Practices, which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions, from an unexpected failure or normal operations, will create more space debris. It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more. It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long, but the oldest satellite still in orbit-Vanguard 1-turned 60 in 2018.

Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage. But for now, the U.S. government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit.

白宫官员宣布了一项新的太空政策，重点是管理公司和政府向太空发射的越来越多的卫星。《空间政策指令3》为美国减轻空间碎片的影响以及跟踪和管理空间交通制定了一般指导方针。

这项政策为商务部接管太空交通管理奠定了基础。国防部将确保新发射的卫星不使用会干扰现有卫星的无线电频率，并安排这类新卫星的发射时间。这只适用于美国的太空活动，但希望它将有助于在全球范围内建立一套规范，规范正在萌芽的商业航天工业。

随着越来越多的政府和公司发射卫星，太空，尤其是地球周围的空间正变得越来越拥挤。该政策的一个推动力是，公司已经开始建造大型星座，由数百或数千颗卫星组成，其中有许多活动部件。由于太空中有如此多的物质，而地球周围的区域有限，政府希望减少碰撞的可能性。两颗或更多的卫星相互撞击可能会产生更多失控的碎片，这将对太空中越来越多的卫星造成更大的危害。

这种事以前也不是没发生过。2009年，一艘旧的俄罗斯飞船撞上了一颗通信卫星，产生了数百块碎片，并使其他硬件处于危险之中。据记者萨拉·斯科尔斯报道，美国宇航局目前在太空中追踪了大约2.4万个物体，2016年，空军不得不向卫星所有者发出3995874次警告，提醒他们附近可能有另一颗卫星或碎片构成威胁。

这就是为什么这项新政策还包括更新现行的美国政府轨道碎片减缓标准实践的指示，该标准实践已经要求任何发射卫星或航天器的实体大力分析其任何行动的可能性，无论是意外故障还是正常操作，都将产生更多的空间碎片。其中包括他们计划释放的任何超过5毫米的碎片，这些碎片可能会在轨道上停留25年或更长时间。一颗物体在太空中停留这么长时间似乎令人惊讶，但仍在轨道上运行的最古老的卫星——先锋1号——在2018年年满60岁。

世界各地的机构和公司正在努力开发技术，以便在空间碎片造成严重损害之前处理或捕获它们。但就目前而言，美国政府更关注的是防止新的碎片形成，而不是将垃圾带出轨道。

句子成分分析：

Officials (at the White House) announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number (of satellites 

(that companies and governments are launching [into space])).

句子语法结构详解：

* announced 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* focused 为过去分词，作后置定语。
* managing 为动名词，作介词宾语。
* increasing 为现在分词作定语
* that 为关系代词，引导定语从句。
* launching 为谓语，采用现在进行时。
* are 为助动词。the 为定冠词。a 为不定冠词。

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

This policy sets the stage for the Department (of Commerce) to take [over the management (of traffic)] [in space].

句子语法结构详解：

* sets 为谓语，采用一般现在时。动词采用第三人称单数形式。
* to take 为不定式，作状语。
* the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

The department will make sure | that newly launched satellites don't use radio frequencies (that would interfere 

with existing satellites), and schedule ||hen such new satellites can be launched.

句子语法结构详解：

(don't = do not)

* make 为谓语，采用一般将来时。
* 第1个 that 为连词，引导宾语从句。
* launched 为过去分词作定语
* use 为谓语，采用一般现在时。
* 第2个 that 为关系代词，引导定语从句。
* interfere 为谓语，采用一般过去将来时。
* when 为连词，引导时间状语从句。
* 第2个 launched 为谓语，采用被动语态。
* will, would, can 为情态动词。do, be 为助动词。the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

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